HTTP/2 服务器

HTTP/2 通过请求复用和 header 压缩改善延迟。Go 的 HTTP 服务器会在 TLS 上自动协商 HTTP/2，因此使用 Echo 提供 HTTP/2 只需用证书启动服务器。

1. 生成自签名 X.509 TLS 证书

运行以下命令生成 cert.pem 和 key.pem：

go run $GOROOT/src/crypto/tls/generate_cert.go --host localhost

注意

出于演示目的，我们使用自签名证书。在生产环境中，请从 certificate authority 获取证书。

2. 创建回显请求信息的处理函数

e.GET("/request", func(c *echo.Context) error {
  req := c.Request()
  format := `
    <code>
      Protocol: %s<br>
      Host: %s<br>
      Remote Address: %s<br>
      Method: %s<br>
      Path: %s<br>
    </code>
  `
  return c.HTML(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf(format, req.Proto, req.Host, req.RemoteAddr, req.Method, req.URL.Path))
})

3. 启动 TLS 服务器

使用生成的证书和 key 启动服务器：

sc := echo.StartConfig{Address: ":1323"}
if err := sc.StartTLS(context.Background(), e, "cert.pem", "key.pem"); err != nil {
  e.Logger.Error("failed to start server", "error", err)
}

或者使用带自定义 tls.Config 的自定义 http.Server：

s := http.Server{
  Addr:    ":1323",
  Handler: e,
  TLSConfig: &tls.Config{
    MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
  },
  // ReadTimeout: 30 * time.Second, // use custom timeouts
}
if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS("cert.pem", "key.pem"); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
  e.Logger.Error("failed to start server", "error", err)
}

go run . -custom-server

4. 验证

启动服务器并访问 https://localhost:1323/request。你应该会看到类似下面的输出：

Protocol: HTTP/2.0
Host: localhost:1323
Remote Address: [::1]:60288
Method: GET
Path: /

源码

package main

import (
  "context"
  "crypto/tls"
  "errors"
  "flag"
  "fmt"
  "net/http"

  "github.com/labstack/echo/v5"
)

func main() {
  customServer := flag.Bool("custom-server", false, "use a standard http.Server")
  flag.Parse()
  e := echo.New()
  e.GET("/request", func(c *echo.Context) error {
    req := c.Request()
    format := `
      <code>
        Protocol: %s<br>
        Host: %s<br>
        Remote Address: %s<br>
        Method: %s<br>
        Path: %s<br>
      </code>
    `
    return c.HTML(http.StatusOK, fmt.Sprintf(format, req.Proto, req.Host, req.RemoteAddr, req.Method, req.URL.Path))
  })
  if *customServer {
    customHTTPServer(e)
    return
  }
  sc := echo.StartConfig{Address: ":1323"}
  if err := sc.StartTLS(context.Background(), e, "cert.pem", "key.pem"); err != nil {
    e.Logger.Error("failed to start server", "error", err)
  }
}

// customHTTPServer demonstrates configuring TLS with a standard HTTP server.
func customHTTPServer(e *echo.Echo) {
  s := http.Server{
    Addr:    ":1323",
    Handler: e,
    TLSConfig: &tls.Config{
      MinVersion: tls.VersionTLS12,
    },
    // ReadTimeout: 30 * time.Second, // use custom timeouts
  }
  if err := s.ListenAndServeTLS("cert.pem", "key.pem"); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, http.ErrServerClosed) {
    e.Logger.Error("failed to start server", "error", err)
  }
}