自定义中间件

此示例展示如何编写自定义中间件：

• 一个收集请求数量、响应状态和运行时间的中间件。
• 一个为每个响应写入自定义 Server header 的中间件。

Echo 中的中间件是签名为 func(next echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc 的函数。下面的 Stats.Process 方法直接满足该签名，而 ServerHeader 是一个普通函数。

服务器

package main

import (
  "context"
  "errors"
  "net/http"
  "sync"
  "time"

  "github.com/labstack/echo/v5"
)

type (
  Stats struct {
    Uptime       time.Time      `json:"uptime"`
    RequestCount uint64         `json:"requestCount"`
    Statuses     map[int]uint64 `json:"statuses"`
    mutex        sync.RWMutex
  }
)

func NewStats() *Stats {
  return &Stats{
    Uptime:   time.Now(),
    Statuses: map[int]uint64{},
  }
}

// Process is the middleware function.
func (s *Stats) Process(next echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
  return func(c *echo.Context) error {
    err := next(c)

    status := http.StatusInternalServerError
    if err != nil {
      var sc echo.HTTPStatusCoder
      if ok := errors.As(err, &sc); ok {
        status = sc.StatusCode()
      }
    } else {
      rw, uErr := echo.UnwrapResponse(c.Response())
      if uErr == nil {
        status = rw.Status
      }
      err = uErr
    }

    s.mutex.Lock()
    defer s.mutex.Unlock()
    s.RequestCount++
    s.Statuses[status]++

    return err
  }
}

// Handle is the endpoint to get stats.
func (s *Stats) Handle(c *echo.Context) error {
  s.mutex.RLock()
  defer s.mutex.RUnlock()
  return c.JSON(http.StatusOK, s)
}

// ServerHeader middleware adds a `Server` header to the response.
func ServerHeader(next echo.HandlerFunc) echo.HandlerFunc {
  return func(c *echo.Context) error {
    c.Response().Header().Set(echo.HeaderServer, "Echo/5.0")
    return next(c)
  }
}

func main() {
  e := echo.New()

  //-------------------
  // Custom middleware
  //-------------------
  // Stats
  s := NewStats()
  e.Use(s.Process)
  e.GET("/stats", s.Handle) // Endpoint to get stats

  // Server header
  e.Use(ServerHeader)

  // Handler
  e.GET("/", func(c *echo.Context) error {
    return c.String(http.StatusOK, "Hello, World!")
  })

  // Start server
  sc := echo.StartConfig{Address: ":1323"}
  if err := sc.Start(context.Background(), e); err != nil {
    e.Logger.Error("failed to start server", "error", err)
  }
}

响应

Header

Content-Length:122
Content-Type:application/json; charset=utf-8
Date:Thu, 14 Apr 2016 20:31:46 GMT
Server:Echo/5.0

Body

{
  "uptime": "2016-04-14T13:28:48.486548936-07:00",
  "requestCount": 5,
  "statuses": {
    "200": 4,
    "404": 1
  }
}