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CSRF

Cross-Site Request Forgery(CSRF,有时读作 “sea-surf”,也称 XSRF)是一类恶意利用, 攻击者会从网站信任的用户那里传递未授权命令。

e.Use(middleware.CSRF())

CSRF 中间件支持 Sec-Fetch-Site header,作为现代的纵深防御方式来进行 CSRF protection, 它在传统 token 机制之外实现了 OWASP 推荐的 Fetch Metadata API。

现代浏览器会自动随每个请求发送 Sec-Fetch-Site header,表明请求来源和目标之间的关系。 中间件会用它做出安全决策:

  • same-originnone:允许(完全同源或用户直接导航)
  • same-site:回退到 token 验证(例如子域到主域)
  • cross-site:对不安全方法(POST、PUT、DELETE、PATCH)默认以 403 错误阻止

对于不发送此 header 的浏览器(旧浏览器),中间件会无缝回退到传统基于 token 的 CSRF 防护。

两个选项可调整 Sec-Fetch-Site 行为:

  • TrustedOrigins []string:为跨站请求允许特定 origin(适用于 OAuth 回调、webhook)
  • AllowSecFetchSiteFunc func(c *echo.Context) (bool, error):用于 same-site/cross-site 验证的自定义逻辑
e.Use(middleware.CSRFWithConfig(middleware.CSRFConfig{
// Allow OAuth callbacks from a trusted provider.
TrustedOrigins: []string{"https://oauth-provider.com"},
// Custom validation for same-site/cross-site requests.
AllowSecFetchSiteFunc: func(c *echo.Context) (bool, error) {
// Your custom authorization logic here.
return validateCustomAuth(c), nil
// return true, err // blocks the request with an error
// return true, nil // allows the request through
// return false, nil // falls back to legacy token logic
},
}))
e := echo.New()
e.Use(middleware.CSRFWithConfig(middleware.CSRFConfig{
TokenLookup: "header:X-XSRF-TOKEN",
}))

上面的示例会从 X-XSRF-TOKEN 请求 header 中提取 CSRF token。

改为从 Cookie 读取 token:

middleware.CSRFWithConfig(middleware.CSRFConfig{
TokenLookup: "cookie:_csrf",
CookiePath: "/",
CookieDomain: "example.com",
CookieSecure: true,
CookieHTTPOnly: true,
CookieSameSite: http.SameSiteStrictMode,
})
  • 服务端:token 可从上下文的 ContextKey 下取得,并可通过模板传给客户端。
  • 客户端:token 可从 CSRF Cookie 中读取。
type CSRFConfig struct {
// Skipper defines a function to skip middleware.
Skipper Skipper
// TrustedOrigins permits any request with a `Sec-Fetch-Site` header whose `Origin`
// header exactly matches one of the listed values. Values should be formatted as
// the Origin header: "scheme://host[:port]".
TrustedOrigins []string
// AllowSecFetchSiteFunc allows custom behaviour for `Sec-Fetch-Site` requests that
// are about to fail with a CSRF error, to be allowed or replaced with a custom
// error. Applies to `same-site` and `cross-site` values.
AllowSecFetchSiteFunc func(c *echo.Context) (bool, error)
// TokenLength is the length of the generated token.
// Optional. Default value 32.
TokenLength uint8
// TokenLookup is a string in the form "<source>:<name>" or
// "<source>:<name>,<source>:<name>" used to extract the token from the request.
// Optional. Default value "header:X-CSRF-Token".
// Possible values:
// - "header:<name>" or "header:<name>:<cut-prefix>"
// - "query:<name>"
// - "form:<name>"
// Multiple sources example: "header:X-CSRF-Token,query:csrf".
TokenLookup string `yaml:"token_lookup"`
// Generator defines a function to generate the token.
// Optional. Defaults to randomString(TokenLength).
Generator func() string
// ContextKey is the key under which the generated CSRF token is stored in the context.
// Optional. Default value "csrf".
ContextKey string
// CookieName is the name of the CSRF cookie that stores the token.
// Optional. Default value "_csrf".
CookieName string
// CookieDomain is the domain of the CSRF cookie.
// Optional. Default value none.
CookieDomain string
// CookiePath is the path of the CSRF cookie.
// Optional. Default value none.
CookiePath string
// CookieMaxAge is the max age (in seconds) of the CSRF cookie.
// Optional. Default value 86400 (24h).
CookieMaxAge int
// CookieSecure indicates whether the CSRF cookie is secure.
// Optional. Default value false.
CookieSecure bool
// CookieHTTPOnly indicates whether the CSRF cookie is HTTP only.
// Optional. Default value false.
CookieHTTPOnly bool
// CookieSameSite indicates the SameSite mode of the CSRF cookie.
// Optional. Default value SameSiteDefaultMode.
CookieSameSite http.SameSite
// ErrorHandler defines a function that returns custom errors.
ErrorHandler func(c *echo.Context, err error) error
}
var DefaultCSRFConfig = CSRFConfig{
Skipper: DefaultSkipper,
TokenLength: 32,
TokenLookup: "header:" + echo.HeaderXCSRFToken,
ContextKey: "csrf",
CookieName: "_csrf",
CookieMaxAge: 86400,
CookieSameSite: http.SameSiteDefaultMode,
}

完整、可运行的示例可在 echox cookbook 中找到。